Introduction to Language

Language is a system for the expression of thoughts, feelings, etc., by using spoken sounds and conventional symbols. Every creature in this universe communicates by making sounds. Man is altogether a special entity, as his sounds make sense. The sounds made by animals are inflexible, instinctive and inherited. Human language is unlimited and infinite in its variety as it grows and expands with time. Language is the expression of human communication through which knowledge, beliefs and behaviour can be experienced, explained and shared. This sharing is based on systematic, conventionally used signs, sounds, gestures or marks that convey understood meanings within a group or community. We cannot imagine a society without language. It is the basis for human progress. Without a language, progress of civilization is not possible. Language promotes social interaction and serves as a means of social control. Language is a universal and recognizable part of human behaviour. Language is therefore, the essence of human identity.

Language is basically,

• Communication – sending and receiving messages.
• Conversation – communicating and understanding.
• Collaboration – thinking, planning and making decisions.
• Cocreation – joint activity, making and doing.

FEATURES OF A LANGUAGE

Language is a matchless talent of human beings and has several characteristics. These features explain its nature. We use language as a device for communication. The science of language recognizes the expression and communication from human beings by means of speech and then converts it into other media for communication. The following features particularly describe the language:

• Language is vocal auditory channel.
• Language is a means of communication.
• Language is a social phenomenon.
• Language is a psychological phenomenon.
• Language is non-instinctive and conventional.
• Language is arbitrary.
• Language is symbolic.
• Language is modifiable.
• Language is unique.
• Language is a skill.
• Language is reflexive and learnable.
• Language is both linguistic and communicative competence.
• Language is human and structurally complex.

MISCONCEPTIONS REGARDING LANGUAGE

• Languages are illogical
• Languages are not easy to learn
• One language is superior to the other
• Exact equivalents are possible
• Writing is language

LANGUAGE IS SYSTEMATIC

Every language is a system of systems. The study of language is classified into subsystems in the following manner:

1. Phonology – The study of the system of sounds.
2. Graphology – The study of writing and writing systems.
3. Morphology – The study of system of construction of words.
4. Syntax – The study of system of construction of sentences.
5. Semantics – The study of system of meanings

THREE ESSENTIALS OF LANGUAGE

The three essentials of Language are

• Purity
• Perspicuity
• Precision

HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH

• Speak without fear
• Forget individual differences
• Surround yourself with language
• Listen to native speakers of English
• See and watch English programmes
• Be aware of sociological factors and psychological factors which affect language learning
• Show genuine interest in practice and learning.
• Take tests
• Record yourself
• Have fun and enjoyment while reading.
• Practice tirelessly – perfect practice makes language learning effective and easy.